Gambar Kos 3D dengan Opengl

Source Code :

#include <stdlib.h> // standard definitions

#include <math.h> // math definitions

#include <stdio.h> // standard I/O

#include <iostream>

// include files are in a slightly different location for MacOS

#ifdef __APPLE__

#include <GLUT/glut.h>

#else

#include <GL/glut.h>

#endif

..............................
Download source code lengkap Di Sini

Hasil :

Keterangan :

Untuk masalah gambar, gunakan gambar dengan format BMP. Letakkan gambar di folder yang sama dengan letak penyimpanan file codeblock tersebut.

Perhatikan juga hal ini :

Untuk melihat dari berbagai sudut kamar, ganti gluLookAt, berikut script-nya :

gluLookAt(1.0, 0.8,  3.3,    1.0, 0.8,  1.0,    0, 1, 0);

gluLookAt(0.7, 5.2,  1.2,    0.7, 0.0,  1.2,    0, 0, 1);

gluLookAt(0.0, 0.95,  3.0,    1.5, 0.95,  1.0,    0, 1, 0);

gluLookAt(0.0, 0.95,  2.8,    1.0, 0.95,  1.0,    0, 1, 0);

Pilih salah satu saja.

Sekian. 

Regards.

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3D Sederhana Dengan OpenGL

Gambar 3D sederhana

Source Code :


#include <stdlib.h> // standard definitions
#include <math.h> // math definitions
#include <stdio.h> // standard I/O
#include <iostream>

// include files are in a slightly different location for MacOS
#ifdef __APPLE__
#include <GLUT/glut.h>
#else
#include <GL/glut.h>
#endif

using namespace std;

GLuint texture[4];
GLint slices=16;
GLint stacks=16;
struct Image {
    unsigned long sizeX;
    unsigned long sizeY;
    char *data;
};
typedef struct Image Image;

static unsigned int getint(FILE *fp)
{
    int c, c1, c2, c3;

    // get 4 bytes
    c = getc(fp);
    c1 = getc(fp);
    c2 = getc(fp);
    c3 = getc(fp);

    return ((unsigned int) c) +
    (((unsigned int) c1) << 8) +
    (((unsigned int) c2) << 16) +
    (((unsigned int) c3) << 24);
}

static unsigned int getshort(FILE *fp)
{
    int c, c1;

    //get 2 bytes
    c = getc(fp);
    c1 = getc(fp);

    return ((unsigned int) c) + (((unsigned int) c1) << 8);
}

int ImageLoad(const char *filename, Image *image) {
    FILE *file;
    unsigned long size;                 // size of the image in bytes.
    unsigned long i;                    // standard counter.
    unsigned short int planes;          // number of planes in image (must be 1)
    unsigned short int bpp;             // number of bits per pixel (must be 24)
    char temp;                          // used to convert bgr to rgb color.

    // make sure the file is there.
    if ((file = fopen(filename, "rb"))==NULL) {
        printf("File Not Found : %s\n",filename);
        return 0;
    }

    // seek through the bmp header, up to the width/height:
    fseek(file, 18, SEEK_CUR);

    // No 100% errorchecking anymore!!!

    // read the width
    image->sizeX = getint (file);
    //printf("Width of %s: %lu\n", filename, image->sizeX);

    // read the height
    image->sizeY = getint (file);
    //printf("Height of %s: %lu\n", filename, image->sizeY);

    // calculate the size (assuming 24 bits or 3 bytes per pixel).
    size = image->sizeX * image->sizeY * 3;

    // read the planes
    planes = getshort(file);
    if (planes != 1) {
        printf("Planes from %s is not 1: %u\n", filename, planes);
        return 0;
    }

    // read the bpp
    bpp = getshort(file);
    if (bpp != 24) {
        printf("Bpp from %s is not 24: %u\n", filename, bpp);
        return 0;
    }

    // seek past the rest of the bitmap header.
    fseek(file, 24, SEEK_CUR);

    // read the data.
    image->data = (char *) malloc(size);
    if (image->data == NULL) {
        printf("Error allocating memory for color-corrected image data");
        return 0;
    }

    if ((i = fread(image->data, size, 1, file)) != 1) {
        printf("Error reading image data from %s.\n", filename);
        return 0;
    }

    for (i=0;i<size;i+=3) { // reverse all of the colors. (bgr -> rgb)
        temp = image->data[i];
        image->data[i] = image->data[i+2];
        image->data[i+2] = temp;
    }

    // we're done.
    return 1;
}
Image * loadTexture(const char *filename)
{
    Image *image1;
    // allocate space for texture
    image1 = (Image *) malloc(sizeof(Image));
    if (image1 == NULL) {
        printf("Error allocating space for image");
        exit(0);
    }
    if (!ImageLoad(filename, image1)) {
        exit(1);
    }
    return image1;
}

void setTexture(void)
{
    glClearColor(1., 0.0, 0.5, 0.0);
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);

    Image *image1[4];

    image1[0] = loadTexture("worldmap.bmp");
    image1[1] = loadTexture("rivet_steel_1.bmp");
    image1[2] = loadTexture("test.bmp");
    image1[3] = loadTexture("black.bmp");

    glGenTextures(4, texture);
    for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
    {
        if(image1[0] == NULL)
        {
            printf("Image was not returned from loadTexture\n");
            exit(0);
        }
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[i]);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
        glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, image1[i]->sizeX, image1[i]->sizeY, 0,
                     GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image1[i]->data);
        glTexEnvf(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_MODULATE);
    }
    glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
}

void setMaterial()
{
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);
    glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);

    glColorMaterial ( GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_AMBIENT_AND_DIFFUSE ) ;
}

void setLighting()
{
    glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);
    glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);
    // Create light components
    GLfloat ambientLight[] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };
    GLfloat diffuseLight[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
    GLfloat specularLight[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };
    GLfloat position[] = { -2.5f, 2.0f, 3.0f, 1.0f };

    // Assign created components to GL_LIGHT0
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambientLight);
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, diffuseLight);
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, specularLight);
    glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, position);
}

void setCamera(){
    // setting proyeksi kamera
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluPerspective(45.0, 3.0/3.0, 1, 40);

    // setting posisi kamera
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluLookAt(2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0);
}

void drawBox(float x1,float y1,float z1, float x2, float y2, float z2)
{
    glPushMatrix();
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
    //depan
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(x1,y1,z1);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(x2,y1,z1);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(x2,y2,z1);
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(x1,y2,z1);
    //atas
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(x1,y2,z1);
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(x2,y2,z1);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(x2,y2,z2);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(x1,y2,z2);
    //belakang
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(x1,y2,z2);
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(x2,y2,z2);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(x2,y1,z2);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(x1,y1,z2);
    //bawah
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(x1,y1,z2);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(x2,y1,z2);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(x2,y1,z1);
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(x1,y1,z1);
    //samping kiri
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(x1,y1,z1);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(x1,y2,z1);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(x1,y2,z2);
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(x1,y1,z2);
    //samping kanan
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(x2,y1,z1);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 0.0);glVertex3f(x2,y2,z1);
    glTexCoord2f(1.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(x2,y2,z2);
    glTexCoord2f(0.0, 1.0);glVertex3f(x2,y1,z2);
    glEnd();
    glPopMatrix();
}

void kunci(unsigned char key, int x, int y) {
    switch (key)
    {
        case 27 :
        case 'q':
            exit(0);
        break;
    }
    glutPostRedisplay();
}

void drawPC()
{
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[2]);
    drawBox(-0.5,0.0,0.5,0.5,0.7,0.45);

    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[3]);
    drawBox(-0.55,-0.05,0.48,0.55,0.75,0.40);
    drawBox(-0.1,-0.1,0.48,0.1,-0.05,0.40);
    drawBox(-0.2,-0.15,0.6,0.2,-0.1,0.30);

       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[2]);
    drawBox(-0.5,0.0,0.5,0.5,0.7,0.45);

    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[3]);
    drawBox(0.55,-0.05,0.48,0.55,0.75,0.40);
    drawBox(0.1,-0.1,0.48,0.1,-0.05,0.40);
    drawBox(0.2,-0.15,0.6,0.2,-0.1,0.30);
}

void renderScene(void){
    glClearColor(1,1,1,0);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);

    glPushMatrix();
    //glTranslatef(1.0,0.50,0.12);
    glScalef(0.5,0.5,0.5);
    drawPC();
    glPopMatrix();

    /*
    //CONTOH MENGGAMBAR SPHERE
    glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S);
    glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]);
    glutSolidSphere(0.5,50,50);
    glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_S);
    glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_GEN_T);
    */

    // Draw a red x-axis, a green y-axis, and a blue z-axis.
    glBegin(GL_LINES);
    glColor3f(1, 0, 0); glVertex3f(0, 0, 0); glVertex3f(10, 0, 0);
    glColor3f(0, 1, 0); glVertex3f(0, 0, 0); glVertex3f(0, 10, 0);
    glColor3f(0, 0, 1); glVertex3f(0, 0, 0); glVertex3f(0, 0, 10);
    glEnd();

    glutSwapBuffers();
}

void init(){
    //setMaterial();
    setTexture();
    setLighting();
    setCamera();
}


int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitWindowSize(600,600);
    glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH);
    glutCreateWindow("Primitive Object");
    glutDisplayFunc(renderScene);
    glutKeyboardFunc(kunci);
    init();
    glutMainLoop();
    return 0;

}

Screenshot :

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Bentuk Sederhana 3D dengan Opengl

Source Code :

#include <Windows.h>

#include <iostream>

#include <gl\GL.h>

#include <gl\GLU.h>

#include <gl\glut.h>

#include <math.h>

void cube()

{

//menggambar kubus dan transformasi tarnslasi ke titik 0.5 0.5 0.5 dan skala 1 1 1

glPushMatrix();

glTranslated(0.7,0.7,0.7);//cube

glScaled(0.5,0.5,0.5);

glutSolidCube(1.0);

glPopMatrix();

glPushMatrix();

glTranslated(0.7,0.7,0.7);//cube

glScaled(0.7,0.2,0.7);

glutSolidCube(1.0);

glPopMatrix();

glPushMatrix();

glTranslated(0.7,0.9,0.7);//cube

glScaled(0.5,1.0,0.5);

glutSolidCube(1.0);

glPopMatrix();

// mobil

    glPushMatrix();

    glPushMatrix();                   // body

    glScalef(2,.5,1);

    glutSolidCube(.5);

    glPopMatrix();

    glTranslatef(0,0,.25);

    glPushMatrix();

    glTranslatef(-.4,-.2,0);

    glutSolidTorus(.05,.1,8,8);       // wheel

    glTranslatef(.8,0,0);

    glutSolidTorus(.05,.1,8,8);       // wheel

    glPopMatrix();

    glTranslatef(0,0,-.5);

    glPushMatrix();

    glTranslatef(-.4,-.2,0);

    glutSolidTorus(.05,.1,8,8);       // wheel

    glTranslatef(.8,0,0);

    glutSolidTorus(.05,.1,8,8);       // wheel

    glPopMatrix();

    glPopMatrix();

    glPopMatrix();

}

void setMaterial()

{

//set properties of surfaces material

GLfloat mat_ambient[] = {0.7f,0.7f,0.7f,1.0f}; // ada 4 jenis material yang dipakai, dengan kombinasi warna tertentu

GLfloat mat_diffuse[] = {0.6f,0.6f,0.6f,1.0f};

GLfloat mat_specular[] = {1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f};

GLfloat mat_shininess[] = {50.0f};

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_AMBIENT,mat_ambient);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_DIFFUSE,mat_diffuse);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SPECULAR,mat_specular);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SHININESS,mat_shininess);

}

void setLighting()

{

//set light sources

GLfloat lightIntensity[] = {0.7f,0.7f,0.7f,1.0f};//mensetting pencahayaan

GLfloat light_position[] = {2.0f,6.0f,3.0f,0.0f};

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,lightIntensity);

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,light_position);

}

void setViewport()

{

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

glLoadIdentity();

double winHt = 1.0;//half height of the window

glOrtho(-winHt*64/48,winHt*64/48,-winHt,winHt,0.1,100.0);

}

void setCamera()

{

//set the camera

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

glLoadIdentity();

gluLookAt(9.3,2.3,5.0,0,0.25,0,0.0,3.0,0.0);

}

void displayObject()

{

setMaterial();

setLighting();

setViewport();

setCamera();

//startDrawing

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

cube();//memanggil fungsi menggambar kubus

glFlush();//mengirim smua objek untuk dirender

}

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

glutInit(&argc,argv);

glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH);

glutInitWindowSize(640,480);

glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);

glutCreateWindow("3d grafkom");

glutDisplayFunc(displayObject);//fungsi dari display object yang menggabungkan kubus lighting material dan kamera

glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);

glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);

glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);

glClearColor(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

glViewport(0,0,640,480);

glutMainLoop();

}

Screenshot :

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Gambar Kubus Sederhana 3D dengan Opengl

Source Code :

#include <Windows.h>

#include <iostream>

#include <gl\GL.h>

#include <gl\GLU.h>

#include <gl\glut.h>

#include <math.h>

void cube()

{

//menggambar kubus dan transformasi tarnslasi ke titik 0.5 0.5 0.5 dan skala 1 1 1

glPushMatrix();

glTranslated(0.3,0.3,0.3);//cube

glScaled(0.4,0.4,0.4);

glutSolidCube(1.0);

glPopMatrix();

}

void setMaterial()

{

//set properties of surfaces material

GLfloat mat_ambient[] = {0.7f,0.7f,0.7f,1.0f}; // ada 4 jenis material yang dipakai, dengan kombinasi warna tertentu

GLfloat mat_diffuse[] = {0.6f,0.6f,0.6f,1.0f};

GLfloat mat_specular[] = {1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f};

GLfloat mat_shininess[] = {50.0f};

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_AMBIENT,mat_ambient);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_DIFFUSE,mat_diffuse);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SPECULAR,mat_specular);

glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT,GL_SHININESS,mat_shininess);

}

void setLighting()

{

//set light sources

GLfloat lightIntensity[] = {0.7f,0.7f,0.7f,1.0f};//mensetting pencahayaan

GLfloat light_position[] = {2.0f,6.0f,3.0f,0.0f};

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,lightIntensity);

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,light_position);

}

void setViewport()

{

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);

glLoadIdentity();

double winHt = 1.0;//half height of the window

glOrtho(-winHt*64/48,winHt*64/48,-winHt,winHt,0.1,100.0);

}

void setCamera()

{

//set the camera

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

glLoadIdentity();

gluLookAt(9.3,2.3,5.0,0,0.25,0,0.0,3.0,0.0);

}

void displayObject()

{

setMaterial();

setLighting();

setViewport();

setCamera();

//startDrawing

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

cube();//memanggil fungsi menggambar kubus

glFlush();//mengirim smua objek untuk dirender

}

int main(int argc, char **argv)

{

glutInit(&argc,argv);

glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH);

glutInitWindowSize(640,480);

glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);

glutCreateWindow("3d grafkom");

glutDisplayFunc(displayObject);//fungsi dari display object yang menggabungkan kubus lighting material dan kamera

glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);

glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);

glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);

glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);

glClearColor(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.0f);

glViewport(0,0,640,480);

glutMainLoop();

}

Screenshot :

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Gambar Laba-Laba Sederhana dengan OpenGL

source code :

#include <iostream>
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <math.h>

//LINGKARAN


const double PI = 3.141592653589793;

void drawCircle(float x_tengah,float y_tengah,float radius){
    glBegin(GL_POLYGON);

    int jumlah_titik = 50;

    for (int i=0;i<=360;i++)
    {
        float sudut = i*(2*PI/jumlah_titik);
        float x = x_tengah + radius*cos(sudut);
        float y = y_tengah + radius*sin(sudut);
        glVertex2f(x,y);
    }

    glEnd();

    //sikil kanan tengah
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

glVertex3f (0.70, 0.00, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.25, 0.00, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.25, 0.00, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.25, 0.02, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.25, 0.02, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.70, 0.02, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.70, 0.02, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.70, 0.00, 0.0);

glEnd ();

//sikil kanan atas
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

glVertex3f (0.60, 0.40, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.05, 0.20, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.05, 0.20, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.05, 0.18, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.05, 0.18, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.60, 0.38, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.60, 0.18, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.60, 0.40, 0.0);

glEnd ();

//sikil kanan bawah
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

glVertex3f (0.60, -0.45, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.05, -0.20, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.05, -0.20, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.05, -0.18, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.05, -0.18, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.60, -0.43, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.60, -0.18, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.60, -0.45, 0.0);

glEnd ();


//sikil kiri tengah
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

glVertex3f (-0.70, 0.00, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.25, 0.00, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.25, 0.00, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.25, 0.02, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.25, 0.02, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.70, 0.02, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.70, 0.02, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.70, 0.00, 0.0);

glEnd ();

//sikil kiri atas
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

glVertex3f (-0.60, 0.40, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.05, 0.20, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.05, 0.20, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.05, 0.18, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.05, 0.18, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.60, 0.38, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.60, 0.18, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.60, 0.40, 0.0);

glEnd ();

//sikil kiri bawah
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

glVertex3f (-0.60, -0.45, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.05, -0.20, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.05, -0.20, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.05, -0.18, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.05, -0.18, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.60, -0.43, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.60, -0.18, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.60, -0.45, 0.0);

glEnd ();

//jari kanan bawah
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

glVertex3f (0.60, -0.42, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.58, -0.42, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.58, -0.42, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.58, -0.49, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.58, -0.49, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.60, -0.49, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.60, -0.49, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.60, -0.42, 0.0);

glEnd ();

//jari kiri bawah
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

glVertex3f (-0.60, -0.42, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.58, -0.42, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.58, -0.42, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.58, -0.49, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.58, -0.49, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.60, -0.49, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.60, -0.49, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.60, -0.42, 0.0);

glEnd ();

//jari kiri atas
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

glVertex3f (-0.60, 0.30, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.58, 0.30, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.58, 0.30, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.58, 0.39, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.58, 0.39, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.60, 0.39, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.60, 0.39, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.60, 0.30, 0.0);

glEnd ();
//jari kanan atas
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

glVertex3f (0.60, 0.30, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.58, 0.30, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.58, 0.30, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.58, 0.39, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.58, 0.39, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.60, 0.39, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.60, 0.39, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.60, 0.30, 0.0);

glEnd ();

//jari kanan tengah
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

glVertex3f (0.70, 0.00, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.68, 0.00, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.68, 0.00, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.68, -0.07, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.68, -0.07, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.70, -0.07, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.70, -0.07, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.70, 0.00, 0.0);

glEnd ();

//jari kiri tengah
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (1.0, 1.0, 1.0);

glVertex3f (-0.70, -0.00, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.68, -0.00, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.68, -0.00, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.68, -0.07, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.68, -0.07, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.70, -0.07, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.70, -0.07, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.70, -0.00, 0.0);

glEnd ();

//mata kanan
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (0.4, 0.4, 0.4);

glVertex3f (0.10, 0.43, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.05, 0.43, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.05, 0.43, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.05, 0.45, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.05, 0.45, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.10, 0.45, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.10, 0.45, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.10, 0.43, 0.0);

glEnd ();

//mata kiri
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (0.4, 0.4, 0.4);

glVertex3f (-0.10, 0.43, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.05, 0.43, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.05, 0.43, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.05, 0.45, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.05, 0.45, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.10, 0.45, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.10, 0.45, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.10, 0.43, 0.0);

glEnd ();

//mulut
glPushMatrix ();
glLineWidth (1.9f);
glBegin (GL_LINES);
glBegin (GL_POLYGON);
glColor3f (0.4, 0.4, 0.4);

glVertex3f (-0.02, 0.35, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.02, 0.35, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.02, 0.35, 0.0);
glVertex3f (0.02, 0.37, 0.0);

glVertex3f (0.02, 0.37, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.02, 0.37, 0.0);

glVertex3f (-0.02, 0.37, 0.0);
glVertex3f (-0.02, 0.35, 0.0);

glEnd ();
    glFlush();
}



void display() {
drawCircle(0,0,0.3);
glColor3f (255/255, 255/255, 255/255);
drawCircle(0,0.40,0.15);
}


int main(int argc, char **argv){
    glutInit(&argc,argv);
    glutInitWindowSize(800,800);
    glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);//jarak windows dari tepi monitor

    glutCreateWindow("laba-laba");
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutMainLoop();//mulai render
    return 0;
}

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Membandingkan kualitas audio berdasarkan Sample Rate, Bit Depth, dan Bit Rate

A.    Tujuan

1. Mahasiswa dapat mengganti nilai Sample dan Bit Depth sebuah file audio.
2. Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan perbandingan kualitas audio berdasarkan nilai Bit Depth, Sample Rate.

B.     Teori Singkat

          Audio adalah getaran udara pada frekwensi yang dapat didengar oleh telinga manusia sehingga disebut dengan frekwensi suara atau freuensi audio. Frekuensi audi berada diantara 20 Hz sd 20 KHz.

          Bit Depth adalah nilai resolusi suara atau jumlah tingkatan level suara. Audio 8 bit menyediakan 2 pangkat delapan atau 256 level. Audio 16 bit menyediakan 65.536 level dan audio 32 bit memiliki jumlah jangkauan 2 pangkat 32 . Makin tinggi nilai jangkauan makin baik kualitas. Namun demikian ukuran file yang diperlukan juga semakin besar. Sample Rate adalah beberapa gelombang yang di ambil dalam 1 detik. WAV (Windows Format Wave ) ini adalah format standar audio yang belum terkompres pada Windows, dan didukung di hampir semua sistem komputer. Hal ini juga dapat ringan dikompresi (sekitar 4:1) menggunakan codec ADPCM, tapi ini kurang banyak didukung pada platform non-jendela. Audacity dapat membaca dan menulis format ini, termasuk ADPCM pada semua platform.

          MP3 adalah audio format terkompresi itu adalah cara yang sangat populer untuk menyimpan musik. Hal ini dapat memampatkan audio dengan faktor 10:1 dengan sedikit penurunan dalam kualitas. Audacity dapat baik impor dan ekspor format ini. Ogg adalah format multimedia gratisan yang dirancang untuk streaming dan penyimpanan yang effiesien. Format ini dikembangkan oleh Xiph.org Foundation. Begitu pula Vorbis yang merupakan codec audio gratisan. Vorbis biasanya dipasang bersama Ogg, sehingga muncullah yang namanya Ogg Vorbis. Peluncuran format dan codec ini sebenarnya respon atas rencana pemilik MP3 pada tahun 1998 yang hendak mengenakan biaya lisensi untuk format MP3. OggVorbis sangat populer dikalangan open source, karena kualitas dan sifatnya yang gratis. Namun hingga saat ini walaupun gratis, masih sedikit player yang mendukung format ini, salah satu yang terkenal adalah winamp yang ikut mendukung format Ogg Vorbis.

          WMA ( Window Media Audio ) adalah codec untuk lossy compression, yang dikembangkan pertama sekali ujua untuk menyaingi MP3 oleh Microsoft. Sementara ini Microsoft memposisikan WMA bersaing dengan AAC yang digunakan pada produk Apple seperti iPod dan iTunes Music Strore. WMA juga menggunakan sistem Digital Rights Management seperti AAC untuk proteksi penggandaan dan membatasi pemutaran pada PC atau peranti tertentu. WMA audio stream hampir selalu dengan file ASF. Jika hanya membawa data audio, biasnya file mempunyai ekstensi .WMA. Adapula versi lossless untuk multichannel surround sound dan untuk voice encoding (WMA Voice).

C.    Alat dan Bahan

-          PC Intel® Celeron® CPU 877 @ 1.40GHz

-          Software Audition

-          File audio

·         Judul     : Risalah Hati (Dewa 19)

·         Ukuran  : 4.46 MB

·         Format  : MP3

·         Bit Rate            : 128 kbps

D.    Langkah Kerja

-          Buka Adobe Audition

-          Import File Audio dengan cara pada window File klik ikon Import File – Pilih file yang diinginkan – klik ganda file tersebut atau klik tombol Open.

-          Sekarang file yang akan diedit sudah berada pada window File.

-          Klik ganda ikon file yang akan di edit atau drag and drop ke window editor (Main)

-          Untuk melihat informasi tentang file ini letakkan pointer pada window editor, klik kanan dan pilih File Info.

-          Untuk mengganti Bit Depth  dan Sample Rate ,

o   Buka sesion baru: File – New

o   Pada Jendala New Waveform Pilih Sample Rate dan Bit Rate sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan (tabel 1)

o   Klik OK, maka akan muncul file baru dengan nama untlited ,

-          Untuk memasukkan file lagu ke dalam untlited.

o   Klik kanan lagu yang akan di ganti sample rate dan bit depth nya,

o   Klik Copy

o   Kemudian buka file untlited dan paste kan lagu tadi di situ,

o   Maka adobe Audition akan mengenerate lagu menjadi ukuran sample rate dan bith depth yang kita inginkan

o   Maka sample rate dan bit depth lagu telah berubah.

-          Untuk menyimpan file lagu,

o   File untlited tadi bisa kita ganti namanya pada saat proses penyimpanan

o   Klik file untlited => file => save as => ganti nama sesuai dengan keinginan => klik OK

o   Maka file akan tersimpan dan namanya sudah berubah.

E.     Hasil Kerja

1.      Table Hasil

1.      Membandingkan berdasarkan Bit Dept

Simple Rate	Bit Dept	Ukuran File	Kualitas Suara
44100	8 bit	4.46 Mb	Tidak jernih karena terdapat suara bising
44100	16 bit	4.46 Mb	Suara bising(noise) masih ada tetapi sudah sangat kecil
44100	32 bit	4.46 Mb	Suara jernih

2.      Membandingkan berdasarkan Sample Rate

Simple Rate(Hz)	Bit Depth	Ukuran File	Kualitas Suara
11025	32 bit	1.11 MB	Suara tidak jernih, terdengar seperti audio tempo dulu
22050	32 bit	3.35 MB	Suara jernih (sedikit ada noise)
32000	32 bit	4.46 MB	Suara jernih
44100	32 bit	4.46 MB	Suara jernih
48000	32 bit	4.46 MB	Suara jernih dan suara lebih bergema
96000	32 bit	Tidak bisa disimpan

3.      Membandingkan berdasarkan  Bit Rate

Bit Rate	Sample Rate	Ukuran File	Kualitas Suara
20	11025	715 kb	Volume kecil, terdengar seperti audio tempo dulu, dan tidak jernih
32	11025	1.11 MB	Masih belum terdengar jernih
64	11025	5.27 kb	Tidak bisa di putar
128	11025	Tidak bisa disimpan
256	11025	Tidak bisa disimpan
320	11025	Tidak bisa disimpan

Bit Rate	Sample Rate	Ukuran File	Kualitas Suara
20	44100	Tidak bisa disimpan
32	44100	1.11 MB	Seperti suara yang berasal dari dalam air, tidak jelas.
64	44100	Tidak bisa disimpan
128	44100	2.23 MB	Jelas tapi masih sedikit noise yang terdengar
256	44100	8.93 MB	Suara jernih dan bergema
320	44100	11.1 MB	Suara jernih dan lebih bergema dari sebelumnya

F.     Kesimpulan

       Rate adalah menunjukkan jumlah sinyal audio yang diambil dalam satu detik ketika melakukan rekaman suara. Semakin tinggi nilai sample rate ini kualitas audio yang dimainkan semakin baik. Kualitas Audio ditentukan oleh Sample rate dan Bit Rate, Semakin tinggi  bit dep nya  maka kualitas suara akan semakin baik.

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